• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
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    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a method of isolating an apparatus, in particular three-dimensional and in particular able to be exposed to high temperatures, such as a household oven, said apparatus having one or internal spaces to be isolated, according to which one insufflates flakes and / or nodules of wool (s) and / or mineral fibers (s) in the one or more spaces to be isolated, without adding any binder or water. The invention also relates to the device used and the apparatus obtained.
    公开号:FR3054636A1
    申请号:FR1657467
    申请日:2016-08-01
    公开日:2018-02-02
    发明作者:Christophe Bareyt；David Gogeon
    申请人:Saint Gobain Isover SA France；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    ® FRENCH REPUBLIC
    NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY © Publication number: 3,054,636 (to be used only for reproduction orders) (© National registration number: 16 57467
    COURBEVOIE © Int Cl 8 : F16 L 59/04 (2017.01), F16D 1/00
    A1 PATENT APPLICATION
    ©) Date of filing: 01.08.16. © Applicant (s): SAINT-GOBAIN ISOVER Société ano- (© Priority: nyme - FR. @ Inventor (s): BAREYT CHRISTOPHE and GOGEON DAVID. (43) Date of public availability of the request: 02.02.18 Bulletin 18/05. ©) List of documents cited in the report preliminary research: Refer to end of present booklet (© References to other national documents ® Holder (s): SAINT-GOBAIN ISOVER Société ano- related: nyme. ©) Extension request (s): © Agent (s): SAINT GOBAIN RESEARCH Anonimous society.
    (04) INSULATION METHOD AND APPARATUS OBTAINED.
    FR 3 054 636 - A1 _ The invention relates to a method of insulating an appliance, in particular a three-dimensional device capable in particular of being exposed to high temperatures, such as a household oven, said appliance having one or more spaces internal to be insulated, according to which blown into the said space (s) to be insulated, flakes and / or nodules of wool (s) and / or mineral fibers (s), without adding a binder or water.
    The invention also relates to the device used and the device obtained.
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    INSULATION METHOD AND APPARATUS OBTAINED
    The present invention relates to the field of insulation, mainly to the field of thermal insulation, and more particularly relates to the insulation of three-dimensional devices (or apparatus) capable of being exposed to high temperatures (which can reach in particular a few hundreds of degrees), such as baking ovens, especially for domestic use. The present invention also relates to the isolated devices obtained.
    It is known to isolate parts of an oven, for example the enclosure (or chamber or box or muffle) for heating (or cooking), to protect from the heat or overheating the components present around the enclosure or the external parts of the oven, this insulation also making it possible to avoid heat losses outside the enclosure and to improve the energy performance of the oven during its use. The insulators used must be able to withstand the high temperatures to which they are (at least temporarily) and to maintain their performance (in particular mechanical, or of sufficient insulation) at these temperatures without risk of degradation or of emissions potentially dangerous for health.
    The insulators usually used to insulate these enclosures are felts or mats of mineral wool whose temperature resistance is very appreciated and which are installed or inserted, generally manually, around the enclosure.
    However, if it is easy to insulate flat surfaces or external surfaces of objects or apparatus with these insulating products in the form of panels or sheets which are easily found on the market, it is more difficult to conform these insulators to three-dimensional objects, all the more so when the shape of the object is complex or when the spaces in which they are to be inserted have a variable shape and thickness.
    In the case of household ovens where the insulation is arranged around the enclosure (or muffle) in enameled sheet delimiting the heating zone of the oven, the insulation operation consists in cutting the mineral wool mattresses of thickness and densities varied to the appropriate dimensions and to apply them against the surfaces to be insulated, proceeding in various ways depending on whether it is a question of insulating the belt (formed by the two lateral faces and by the lower and upper faces) or the rear face of the oven: for the belt, a layer of insulation wrapped around the enclosure is generally used, while for the rear face an insulation is simply added in the form of a plate.
    This way of proceeding has a certain number of disadvantages: the installation of these insulators can be complex or require to proceed before assembly of the external enclosure of the furnace, it also requires the cutting of the insulators and their manual installation, these various operations adding to the time of laying insulators and which can in particular cause problems for the operator (skin irritation, dust, etc.).
    It is also difficult to obtain perfectly continuous contact with the insulation over the entire surface of the enclosure: depending on the way the operator operates, there may be air gaps responsible for heat losses between the enclosure and insulation. The thickness and density of the layers of mineral wool used being moreover limited by the capacities of existing production lines, it can also result in poorly insulated areas (thickness unsuitable for filling the spaces or reliefs changing oven carcasses) and thermal bridges, etc.
    In addition, to ensure the mechanical integrity of the insulating coating, the insulators are generally impregnated with binders, in particular organic, which can cause unwanted gas emissions at high temperature, or needled products are used, the rigid structure of these types of products which can create a barrel effect (bulging of the insulation around the carcass) also a source of thermal bridges, the corners and recesses of the cavity to be insulated remaining in particular empty (the insulator in particular not having sufficient expansion due to its mechanical strength).
    Document WO 93/01444 proposes a method in which the insulation is formed by spraying a mineral fibrous material onto the surface of an object with simultaneous wetting of the fibers with water and / or a binder, followed by the shaping of the sprayed layer and then drying / hardening of the shaped layer. Although it reduces the drawbacks associated with the direct handling of mineral wool, this technique still generates a flight of dust and poses problems of cleaning the workstation. In addition, it is difficult to control the quantity of material deposited and in particular the homogeneity of the density of the material applied, the various treatments carried out being much more costly in time (for example of the order of a few hours) than that necessary for the installation of traditional insulation once cut (especially less than a minute).
    Document WO 2001/036859 describes another process in which the insulation is formed by blowing mineral wool flakes between the surface to be insulated and an envelope such as a metallic foil or a glass veil, the flakes being conveyed by a gaseous current while at least one jet of aqueous binder is directed onto them (making it possible in particular to prevent the flight of dust, to transport and apply the flakes and to subsequently stiffen the layer once dry) to form a layer delimited by the envelope, before drying to remove water. This technique is also based on the use of conventional conical nozzles, at low flow rates, the pressure of the gas used being of the order of 50 to 120 mbar, and the fiber / binder flow can have an angle of incidence between + 15 ° and -15 ° relative to the surface to be insulated. The risk of dust flight is reduced by this technique or even eliminated. However, this process remains long to implement, insulation by this technique requiring a filling time of the oven cavities generally greater than 3 min for a density (or density) of mineral wool for example of the order of 60 kg / m 3 , the different regions of the cavity being additionally isolated successively. There are also problems of coalescence of the flakes bonded in contact with the surface to be insulated, which can cause density inhomogeneity in certain places, the density of flakes obtained in the cavity generally not exceeding 60 kg / m 3 , limiting thus the insulation performance obtained.
    The invention has therefore sought to develop an improved insulation technique making it possible to obviate at least one of the drawbacks stated above, in particular a simple and practical insulation technique to be implemented for the operator, making it possible to obtain good insulation performance, in particular improved, in particular for the insulation of three-dimensional devices (or devices) having one or more internal spaces (internal surfaces or cavities), in particular complex or with irregular section , to isolate, and in particular for the insulation of devices liable to be exposed to high temperatures, such as ovens, in particular domestic ovens.
    This object was achieved by the isolation process according to the invention. The present invention thus relates to a method of insulating an appliance (or device), in particular capable of being exposed to high temperatures (such as for example a household oven), said appliance having one or more spaces (or cavities) internal to be insulated, in particular three-dimensional, according to which one breathes (in a gas stream), in the said space (s) to be insulated (in the cavity (ies) or between the surface (s) to be insulated and one or adjacent walls) flakes and / or nodules of (or in) wool (s) and / or mineral fiber (s), (insufflation being carried out) without addition (or without adding), during insufflation, of binder or water, or in other words, fluff and / or nodules of free and dry mineral fiber (s) and / or mineral fibers (s) are blown into the said space (s).
    The term “three-dimensional spaces to be isolated” is understood to mean internal spaces or cavities delimited by two main surfaces facing each other, at least one of which (but preferably both) has a shape three-dimensional, that is to say not strictly planar, in particular may be a succession of contiguous planes linked by elbows at right or curved angles. A particular shape of surface delimiting a three-dimensional cavity can be inscribed in a substantially cubic shape.
    Without addition of binder during insufflation is understood in the preceding definition to mean without addition during insufflation of substance / compound (s) (in particular in liquid or even solid form) capable (s) of binding the flakes / nodules breathed into each other. As indicated later, the presence of a compound traditionally qualified as a binder but not capable of binding the flakes / nodules together, for example of a compound or binder already reacted, in particular in the flakes / nodules used for insufflation, n is however not excluded. Preferably, however, the flakes / nodules inserted into the insufflation device are devoid of binder (s) (even already reacted (s)), as is the flow of blown material, as specified later.
    The insufflation of the flakes and / or nodules according to the invention therefore takes place without deliberate addition of binder (with the binding power of said flakes / nodules) or of water, the flakes and / or nodules blown into the space to be isolated being therefore free or separable or not linked to each other by a binder, and said flakes / nodules being also dry, that is to say without water added in particular during insufflation, with a possible humidity level (or rate d 'possible water), in said flakes / nodules, as well as in the stream of projected material, less than 2% by weight, in particular less than 1% by weight, relative to the weight of the material blown in by the gaseous blowing current, the humidity of the ambient air, in fact, which can in particular be absorbed in the blown material.
    The insufflation carried out according to the invention can in particular be described as dry insufflation or being carried out dry or dry, without any medium (in particular liquid) added of the water or binder type (organic or inorganic), all of the flow (or all the material) sprayed (formed at least from flakes or nodules but which may also comprise additional compounds such as aerogels or additives, as specified later) being advantageously free of water and added binder (s). By added is meant added during the isolation process in the spraying / insufflation device used for the deposition of the insulator / insulating layer, on the flakes or nodules before they reach the part to isolate and / or in the gas stream of insufflation (by the same feeding as the flakes or nodules or by another feeding), knowing that, as already mentioned, the flakes or nodules can on their side already understand before their insufflation a binder, in particular resulting from their manufacturing process and which may be present at rates generally less than 8% by weight of dry binder relative to the weight of said flakes or nodules (as introduced into the blowing device), this binder being in this case not likely to bind them together during insufflation or in the apparatus obtained since it is in particular already polymerized or crosslinked or cooked or hardened or having already reacted. Other materials or substances can if necessary be added during insufflation from the moment in particular when they are not binders or water, in particular other solid insulators, or additives in small proportions, as indicated later.
    The flow of material (formed of solid components and possibly of liquid components) blown into the internal space to be isolated can thus comprise, in addition to the flakes and / or the nodules of wool (s) and / or mineral fibers (s):
    - less than 2%, preferably less than 1%, by weight (relative to the weight of the material blown in by the gas blowing stream) of moisture / water, essentially coming from ambient air,
    - optionally less than 8% of binder devoid of binding power (or incapable of binding) of the flakes and / or nodules therebetween, originating essentially from the process for manufacturing the flakes and / or nodules and already found on and / or in the flakes introduced into the blowing device, this binder being already polymerized or crosslinked or cooked or hardened or having already reacted,
    - possibly one or other components insofar as it is not a question of binder (s) still capable (s) of binding the flakes / nodules together and insofar as it is not a question of component (s) ) containing water (this component (s) therefore being devoid of water), in particular:
    one or more additional insulating materials, in particular in the form of particles, in particular aerogels,
    one or more additives, in small proportion, in particular less than 1% by weight (relative to the weight of the material blown in by the gaseous insufflation stream), and preferably less than 0.5% by weight, for example a or additives such as mineral oil, anti-static, silicone, etc.
    The flow (or material) blown (or sprayed) is thus advantageously essentially (preferably at least 98% by weight of the sprayed material forming the insulating layer, and up to 100% by weight) formed of dry matter (also predominantly, or essentially, solid or formed, or made up, of solid particles), formed in particular of the aforementioned flakes and / or nodules, conveyed by the gas stream, and filling the space to be isolated to form an insulating barrier (in the form of at least one insulating layer) thermally. One or more liquid components, in particular one or more additives, may where appropriate be present, for example one or more mineral oils, the level of these liquid components or additives being preferably less than 1% by weight, in particular less than 0.5% by weight. weight, relative to the weight of sprayed material, this rate preferably being zero, the gas stream preferably spraying only solid particles, advantageously formed essentially (at least 95% by weight) or even only, of insulating materials, said insulating materials comprising at least the flakes or nodules of mineral wool (s) and / or mineral fibers mentioned above.
    If it is not excluded in the present invention that the flakes or nodules used already incorporate a binder (already reacted), organic or inorganic, resulting in particular from their manufacturing process, the rate of the latter advantageously does not exceed not 8% by weight as indicated previously, this binder possibly present being preferably inorganic or mineral. Preferably, the flakes or nodules used are chosen devoid of binder, just as they are devoid of water (any residual water possibly coming from ambient humidity).
    The present invention also relates to an insufflation device particularly suitable for implementing the method according to the invention, as described later.
    The present invention also relates to a thermally insulated device, advantageously obtained according to the method of the invention, as described later.
    The structure of the flakes or nodules and the mode of insufflation according to the invention in the space to be isolated, for example (in) the cavity or cavities between the enclosure or muffle of an oven and the adjacent external walls or the box external of the oven, allow the obtaining of an insulating layer of dimensions adapted to the reliefs of this space, without the installation of the insulation presenting difficulties of access to the parts to be insulated, and allow the need to obtain layers of densities greater than those obtained with the preexisting processes (in particular larger than those obtained by wet process, the process and the device according to the invention making it possible in particular to work at higher pressure), the flakes or nodules being distributed in all the recesses of the cavity to be isolated without risk of coalescence, the present invention thus making it possible to eliminate the problems of thermal bridges and to improve the insulation performance obtained. This good insulation improves the energy efficiency of oven type devices and reduces their consumption, while protecting the elements close to the heat source present in said ovens, as well as the environment of these devices, from the high temperatures used.
    The present invention also does not require a drying or treatment step of the insulation once deposited and therefore does not present either, despite the absence of binder or water, problems related to flight dust (the insulation being confined in an enclosed space); the process is therefore rapid and does not require interruption of the production line, just as it presents few risks linked to the handling of mineral fibers.
    In addition, the absence of binder or water, surprisingly, does not affect the properties of the insulation obtained and it is also not necessary to bind the flakes or nodules by another treatment, similarly it is also not necessary in the present invention to add anti-dust agents, thereby eliminating any risk of emission of odors or air pollutants generated by these types of agents or binders during the first operating cycles of oven type appliances. In addition, it is observed that there is no packing of the flakes in the cavities unlike insufflation in the wet route where such packing can occur.
    Advantageously, it is also possible, if necessary, to couple the above-mentioned flakes and / or nodules with other solid insulators in order to improve the thermal insulation performance or other performance (improvement of the fire-fighting properties for example ), as explained later.
    The wool flakes or nodules or mineral fibers used according to the invention are bundled fibers or (three-dimensional) amalgams, or aggregates or tufts or wicks or pills, of fibers, in which the fibers are generally tangled, and not individual fibers, the flakes (generally having a fluffy or cottony appearance) being the insulation products usually used for the insulation of lost roofs of new houses or to be renovated. In the present invention, they make it possible to fill the interstices and recesses of the spaces to be isolated and to oppose the circulation of air in these spaces, thus reducing the thermal conductivity of the assembly.
    The flakes or nodules used according to the present invention are made of mineral wool (s) (blown (s) / of the blowing type) and / or mineral fibers; glass wool flakes (or glass wool flakes) sold by the Saint-Gobain Isover companies under the brand Comblissimo® or by the company Certainteed under the brand Optima®, or rock wool flakes are used, for example or flakes of rock wool) sold by Saint-Gobain Eurocoustic under the reference Coatwool HP®.
    These flakes or nodules can be produced from mineral fibers formed according to known methods, the fibers then being able to be put into nodules or packages (directly after drawing or later), for example as explained in document FR-A-2 661 687 .
    They can also be obtained by grinding from any material based on mineral wool (s), preferably devoid of organic binder, for example from felt or mattresses of mineral wool (in particular with a low content of components which can degrade at high temperature), such as those described in particular in documents EP-A-0 403 347, EP-A-0 819 788, DE-A-39 18 485.
    Preferably, the grinding to obtain the flakes or nodules, or the choice of the flakes / nodules, is carried out so that these flakes / nodules have a size less than 50 mm, preferably less than 30 mm, whatever the shape. of these flakes / nodules, in particular included, for at least 50% (by weight), and preferably at least 75%, of the flakes, between 5 and 25 mm, to allow particularly effective insufflation and filling.
    The equivalent diameter of a flake or nodule is called its equivalent diameter, i.e. the diameter of the sphere which would behave identically during the particle size analysis of the flakes / nodules, the particle size distribution (set of sizes of particles) being measured in particular by sieving, for example using an automatic sieving device sold under the reference
    RX-24 by Retsch Sieve Shaker, by superimposing 4 sieves (from the one with the smallest hole size placed first on the vibrating support to the one with the largest hole size placed last, the hole sizes (squares) being successively (from the bottom) 6 mm side, 10 mm side, 19 mm side and 25 mm side), the power being adjusted to 65% and the sieving time being 5 min for 10 to 12 g of product, the mass of flakes / nodules present in each sieve being then weighed. In particular from 30 to 75% by weight of the flakes / nodules used in the present invention have a size of between 10 and 25 mm, and between 5 and 30% of these flakes / nodules have a size of less than 6 mm.
    The flakes or nodules are preferably based on wool (s) and / or fine mineral fiber (s) for good insulation performance. In a particularly advantageous manner according to the invention, flakes and / or nodules of (or in) wool (s) (or fibers) of glass are used, with a micronaire preferably less than 25 l / min, in particular between 3 and 18 l / min, or flakes and / or nodules of rock wool (or fibers), with a fascia preferably greater than 150 mmce and less than 350 mmce (millimeters water column), in particular between 200 and 350 mmce.
    The fineness of glass fibers is often determined by the value of their micronaire (F) under 5 g. The measurement of the micronaire also called “fineness index” accounts for the specific surface thanks to the measurement of the aerodynamic pressure drop when a given quantity of fibers is subjected to a given pressure of a gas - in general of the air or nitrogen. This measurement is usual in mineral fiber production units, it is carried out according to DIN 53941 or ASTM D 1448 and uses a device called "micronaire device".
    However, such an apparatus has a measurement limit when the fibers used are fine. For very fine fibers, it is possible and preferable to measure the fineness (or the micronaire) in l / min by means of a known technique and described in patent application WO2003 / 098209. This patent application relates to a device for determining the fineness index of fibers comprising a device for measuring the fineness index, said measuring device being provided with at least a first orifice connected to a measuring cell suitable for receive a sample consisting of a plurality of fibers (in the present case a sample of the flakes or nodules), and of a second orifice connected to a device for measuring a differential pressure located on either side of said sample, said differential pressure measuring device being intended to be connected to a device for producing fluid flow, the measuring device further comprising at least one volumetric flow meter of the fluid passing through said cell. This device gives correspondences between micronaire values and liters per minute (l / min).
    The fascia is for its part determined in the following way: a test piece (5 g) is weighed consisting of a tuft of mineral wool (in the present case a sample of the flakes or nodules) free of oil and binder but which may contain components non-fibrous (slug). This test piece is compressed in a given volume and is traversed by a stream of gas (dry air or nitrogen) maintained at constant flow. The measure of fascia is then the pressure drop across the test tube, evaluated by a column of water graduated in conventional unit. Conventionally, a fasonaire result is the average of the pressure losses observed for ten test pieces, the measurement being expressed in millimeters of water column (mmce).
    In addition to the flakes and / or nodules, the flow or the blown material may also comprise other compounds, in particular solids, in particular other types of insulators, in order to further improve the performance of insulation or d '' other performances (improvement of fire-fighting properties for example). In particular and advantageously, the blown material may also include aerogels, preferably in particulate form, or small parts or particles or balls. These compounds, if necessary smaller than the flakes and nodules used according to the invention, can also contribute to improving the insulation obtained by coming if necessary to fill the interstices left by the flakes or nodules. Aerogels are generally more efficient, but expensive insulators, which can be presented in particular in the form of translucent granules or fine powder. The insufflation of the flakes / nodules makes it possible to add aerogels, the insufflation of the aerogels alone posing problems, in particular in terms of safety and dust. The aerogels injected if necessary with the flakes or nodules according to the invention are advantageously inorganic aerogels, in particular based on oxides, such as aerogels based on silica, aluminum and / or titanium, and preferably are one or more silica aerogels in the form of particles or granules or beads or powder. Advantageously, the size of the aerogel particles that can be used according to the invention is between 1 and 5 mm, and their rate within the sprayed material preferably does not exceed 60% by weight (the aerogels being generally heavier than flakes).
    The blown material, or the flakes or nodules of wool (s) or mineral fibers (s) used according to the invention can also optionally include one or more additives added before or during the blowing process, these additives being able to may also be in the form of particles or granules or beads, such as anti-static additives, oils, etc. at rates advantageously less than 1% by weight (for all the additives).
    If necessary, the flakes / nodules can play the role of carriers of these additives or other compounds and thus distribute them homogeneously in the space to be isolated.
    The flakes or nodules of wool (s) or mineral fibers (s) used according to the invention, as well as the flow of projected material, preferably comprise a level of organic compounds (derived for example from binder (s) or additives added during the manufacture of fibers or fiber mats then transformed into flakes or nodules) less than 8%, in particular less than 1% by weight (of the blown material), and are advantageously devoid of organic compounds.
    In addition, and as indicated above, even if the presence of such agents is not excluded, it is not necessary to add to these flakes / nodules or in the blown flow, anti-dust agents, the dust generated where appropriate remaining in particular confined in the present invention in the isolated interior space. The level of anti-dust agents (such as mineral oils or anti-static agents) in the blown material is thus preferably less than 1% by weight relative to the weight of blown material, and advantageously the blown material is devoid of agent (s) anti-dust, making it possible to further limit the risks of emission of odors and pollutants (VOCs) as indicated above.
    The flakes or nodules of wool (s) or mineral fibers (s) and the other possible components of the blown material are brought and introduced into each of the spaces to be isolated by means of one or more blowing devices comprising at least a diffuser (or injector or nozzle) and at least one conduit / supply channel, connected (s) to a blowing machine. By this introduction, the risks of dust flight are reduced or even eliminated, thus making the workstation more pleasant for the operator and less costly in maintenance. The introduction into an interior space delimited by one or more walls makes it possible to define the shape of the insulating layer at the very moment when it is applied in the internal space or against the surface to be insulated while controlling its thickness, the deposited layer being then protected by said walls or in said interior space.
    The internal surface is a surface inside the device, in particular opening onto the periphery of said device, the adjacent surface (s) forming with it a cavity, the cavity being a hollow space in said device, in particular opening (having an opening) at the periphery of the device. In the case for example of a household oven, the spaces (surfaces or cavities) to be insulated are in particular each of the faces or spaces forming the belt (lateral faces, upper face and lower face) around the oven enclosure.
    If necessary, certain evacuations can be present in the walls, in particular external, delimiting the space to be insulated, in particular in the form of opening (s), of size smaller than that of the flakes or nodules or other insulators present if necessary , or in the form of an opening (s) fitted with a filter (s) (such as a glass veil) to stop the insulators while letting the gas pass, in order to allow better evacuation of the gas. insufflation. The blowing gas used is preferably air.
    The method according to the invention makes it possible to obtain insulating layers already having their final shape, without requiring a subsequent shaping step and also allows the use of insufflation rates much higher than those used / achieved in particular during projection of flakes / nodules with binder / water. In particular, insufflation flows of the order of 40 to 90 g / s are used, making it possible in particular to obtain a density (or density) for the insulating layer obtained ranging up to 120 kg / m 3 (the flow in the case of wet insufflation with water / binder being rather of the order of 20 g / s), the density obtained can be between 40 and 120 kg / m 3 , in particular between 50 and 120 kg / m 3 , preferably between 60 and 120 kg / m 3 , in particular between 80 and 120 kg / m 3 , or even between 85 and 120 kg / m 3 . The insufflation gas pressure can reach 45,000 Pa, in particular be between 12,000 Pa and 45,000 Pa, preferably between 15,000 and 25,000 Pa, depending on the volume to be filled and the desired density.
    Preferably in the method according to the invention, the gas flow of insufflation is directed substantially parallel to the median plane of the space to be isolated - for example, in the case of each oven cavity forming the belt of the heating enclosure to be isolated, the gas stream is directed substantially parallel to the internal face delimiting the cavity considered- with an angle between the insufflation current (or blown flow) and the plane (or surface) considered between + 5 ° and -5 ° in order to obtain a homogeneous filling and, if necessary, sufficiently dense, and also in order to avoid the return of flakes / nodules towards the insufflation nozzle, which could possibly clog the latter.
    Preferably also, in the case where the device to be insulated has several spaces (cavities or internal faces) to be insulated, the insufflation advantageously takes place simultaneously in several of said spaces, the flow of flakes / nodules being in particular divided into as many currents (or subsidiary flows) than spaces to be isolated before being blown into said spaces. Advantageously also, the material blown into each space is blown from a point (where there is the outlet outlet concerned of the blowing device) mobile (for example in translation along the space to be insulated) so that the filling of the cavity is made progressively from one end of the cavity to the other, if necessary following a common movement when the filling of several cavities is done simultaneously. Alternatively, the material can be blown in from fixed points (in particular an opening at the end of the cavity concerned).
    The present invention also relates to an insufflation device particularly suitable for implementing the method according to the invention, and suitable in particular for the insulation of ovens, in particular household ovens.
    The insufflation device used in particular comprises at least one diffuser (or injector or nozzle) of outlet section capable of fitting (or fitting) in at least part or all of an opening (of the device to isolate) from, or leading to, an internal space to be isolated, so that the flow leaving the diffuser is essentially parallel (or tangent) to the median plane of said space (or even median plane relative to the side walls of said space) .
    By essentially parallel is meant parallel to the plane considered, with a tolerance of the angle between the insufflation current (or blown flow or flow leaving the device) and the plane considered between + 5 ° and -5 °.
    The device also comprises at least one member (or system or means) for distribution (or branching) and / or at least one mixer (or organ, or system, or means, for mixing), and preferably comprises at least each of these two elements.
    The distribution member is in particular a branch or connection making it possible to connect a central part bringing a single flow of flakes / nodules to several conduits each equipped with a diffuser as defined above for distributing and if necessary simultaneously injecting the flakes / nodules in several spaces to isolate.
    The mixer is in particular a suitably shaped sleeve allowing, depending on the case, to homogenize the flow of flakes / nodules in the cross section of the duct bringing said flakes / nodules from the blowing machine to the diffuser, or else to orient the flow towards a diffuser in particular (for example for the insulation of a space where the thermal losses are greater or for the insulation of a narrower space than the others, this preferential orientation making it possible to compensate for the thickness deficit by a higher density of insulation and thus allowing to maintain an equivalent level of thermal resistance in all isolated spaces, etc.). The mixer also makes it possible to homogenize the various components of the flow (for example flakes and aerogels). This mixer, the internal relief of which is for example chosen to allow the orientation of the flow, is in particular a so-called static or convergent mixer.
    Several mixers can optionally be present in the device according to the invention. For example, a mixer can be provided at the outlet of the blowing machine, and / or, when a distribution member (branch) is present, a mixer can be provided at the inlet / upstream of this member in order to catch up with a possible problem of centering and / or allowing the same flow to be sent to several diffusers or directing the flow preferably towards a part of the branch, and / or a mixer can be provided between the branch and each diffuser, etc. .
    Preferably, the device according to the invention comprises several diffusers, each capable of fitting into at least part, or all, of an opening (of the device to be insulated) of one, or leading to one, space to be isolated, and comprises at least one distribution member distributing the flakes / nodules in each of the diffusers used. In a particularly preferred manner, it comprises as many diffusers as internal spaces which can be isolated simultaneously within the apparatus. For example, the device according to the invention intended for the insulation of an oven may advantageously comprise four diffusers, in particular similar, able to fit each in one of the four spaces forming the belt to be insulated, as illustrated below. .
    The diffuser (s) may be able to fit into the whole of / over the entire surface or section of an opening of the respective space (s) to be insulated (for example the opening, in the rear part of the oven before insulation, of the one or each of the four cavities forming the belt to be insulated around the oven enclosure or muffle), or in only part of said opening (preferably a large part, in particular can occupy at least 90% of the surface of said opening), and may be able to slide along the space considered in such a way that the filling of the space or spaces is done progressively by displacement (for example in translation) of the diffuser (s) in the said space or spaces (the case simultaneous sampling when there are several broadcasters). In the previous case of the insulation of an oven or four diffusers are advantageously used simultaneously, each diffuser may in particular have a section coinciding with the opening, at the rear of the oven, between the internal enclosure or muffle of the oven and the adjacent wall on that of the side or the lower or upper face of the oven where it is to be inserted, as illustrated later (Figure 1).
    The diffuser (s) may also, where appropriate, be fixed and be placed in an opening in particular of small diameter, for example of diameter less than 50 or 30 mm, made or provided for this purpose in an external wall of the oven (in particular opposite 'a space to be insulated), as illustrated later (Figure 2), this procedure being interesting in particular when it comes to remaking the insulation of an oven already equipped with a rear part.
    The diffuser (s) can in particular be flat (or with a passage or flat outlet section, in particular rectangular), in the case in particular where they fit into each of the spaces (between the muffle and the casings or external walls of the furnace) forming the belt around a heating enclosure of an oven, or they may have a round or oval passage section, for example when they are intended to be placed in one or more small diameter openings made or provided in a or outside walls of the oven.
    Preferably, the diffusers used have a height (in the case of flat diffusers) or an inside diameter (in the case of diffusers with round section) of channel (or flake / nodule passage section) of between 12 and 35 mm. In the case of diffusers with oval section, the smallest axis of the cross section of the channel also preferably has a length between 12 and 35 mm
    In addition to the diffuser (s) and, where appropriate, the distribution member (s) and / or the mixer (s), the blowing device according to the invention may also include other components, for example one or more handles or another system for manipulating the diffusers. It further comprises or is connected to a blowing machine, for example a blowing machine such as those sold under the references Fibermaster MK700, 750 or 1000 by the company Steward Energy, or under the references ISO 400 or ISO 300 by the company Isol France, or under the references X-Floc Zellofant M95, or EM320 or 325 by the company X-Floc, or under the reference Volu-matic by the company Certainteed MachineWorks.
    The invention also relates to an apparatus having at least one interior space, in particular three-dimensional, provided with at least one insulating layer, and which can be obtained by a method as described according to the invention, in particular a three-dimensional apparatus. capable of being brought to high temperatures, such as a heating appliance, which may in particular reach a few hundred degrees (for example 450 ° C. or even 550 ° C. for pyrolysis ovens, and in particular between 50 and 350 ° C. ), such as a baking oven, in particular intended for domestic use, said insulating layer being formed of flakes and / or nodules of wool (s) or mineral fibers (s), the level of binder (if any) being less than 8% by weight of the material forming said layer / of said layer, and being advantageously zero, and the initial rate of water being less than 2% by weight of said layer, and being advantageously zero.
    Advantageously, as indicated above, the density of the insulating layer is between 40 and 120 kg / m 3 , in particular between 50 and 120 kg / m 3 , preferably between 60 and 120 kg / m 3 , in particular between 80 and 120 kg / m 3 , or even between 85 and 120 kg / m 3 .
    In one embodiment, the insulating layer can also comprise other types of insulators such as particles (beads, granules, etc.) of airgel.
    Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will appear from the detailed description which follows, given with reference to the appended drawings in which:
    - Figure 1 shows a perspective view of a (muffle) cooking appliance equipped with an insufflation device for implementing the method according to the invention;
    - Figure 2 shows a variant of the embodiment in Figure 1.
    The cooking appliance (or oven) 1 shown in FIG. 1 (respectively in FIG. 2) comprises a heating chamber (or muffle) 2 delimited by internal walls 3 and external walls 4 facing each other. Each internal wall and each facing external wall forms an internal space in which thermal insulation is sought. The spaces on the sides, top and bottom of the oven form the belt delimiting the oven enclosure.
    The insulation of the oven belt is carried out as follows according to the invention:
    Is introduced through each of the openings 5 giving access to the internal spaces to be isolated (whether the opening is existing during manufacture îo as illustrated in Figure 1, or practiced on an already existing oven, for example by perforation, as illustrated in Figure 2) diffusers (diffusers 6 in Figure 1, and diffuser 7 in Figure 2) of an insufflation device, connected (s) to a blowing machine (not shown). In Figure 1, each diffuser is flat to fit into the parallelepiped opening at the end of each cavity opening onto the rear face of the oven, and is provided with a handle 8 allowing its manipulation. In FIG. 2, each diffuser has a round section and an internal diameter of the order of 10 to 50 mm, preferably 10 to 30 mm, and is placed in an opening made in an external wall, particularly in front of the cavity to be insulated (the diffuser 7 shown in FIG. 2 here being opposite the cavity to be insulated between the upper face of the muffle and that of the casing) in the center or in a corner if necessary, a single opening and a single diffuser per face being generally sufficient to insulate said face according to the invention.
    The blowing machine includes a supply of flakes of mineral wool, organs, called demottings, intended for separating the flakes which are usually sold in compacted bags or bales, one or more organs for conveying the flakes (or pipes) 11, and a blower which directs a stream of pressurized air into the pipe (s).
    The insufflation device also comprises a branch (or distribution member) 10 and one or more static mixers 9.
    The diffusers being arranged in a manner substantially parallel to the internal surfaces concerned of the oven, a gas stream carrying mineral wool flakes is blown into each cavity of the oven simultaneously. In FIG. 1, the mineral wool flakes are blown through a static mixer 9, then pass through a four-branch branch 10 to distribute the flow of material in the four flat diffusers in a homogeneous manner or if necessary in a manner targeted or preferential to one of the broadcasters. Once insufflation has started, the cavities are simultaneously filled gradually by translating the diffusers towards the rear of the oven (or towards the opening of the cavities) in the direction of the arrow in Figure 1 and until the diffusers embedded in the cavities exit the carcass.
    The insufflation flow used is of the order of 90 g / s. For a standard oven, for example reference De Dietrich CZ5702359 sold by the company Brandt, and of which each cavity around the heating enclosure measures approximately 45 cm per side, the filling time for an insulation density obtained from the about 70 kg / m3 is about 25 s, and it is about 30 s for a density of about 80 kg / m3 and 35 s for a density of about 100 kg / m3. The filling speed is particularly efficient and the densities obtained can be particularly high, unlike in particular the densities obtained by proceeding wet or using cut mineral wool mats.
    The distribution of the flakes also takes place homogeneously using the mixer used. Thus, without a mixer, for an average density obtained of 70 kg / m 3 in the four cavities, the standard deviation observed for the density within the set of cavities is 18 kg / m 3 , while the use of a convergent mixer (centering the flow here) makes it possible to limit the standard deviation to 5.5 kg / m 3 , and the use of a static mixer (fixed and whose shape makes it possible to mix and center or direct flow) allows the standard deviation to be limited to 4.3 kg / m 3
    The consumption of the ovens was also measured according to standard EN60350 on an oven, of reference De Dietrich CZ5702359 marketed by the company Brandt, equipped with an insulating interior belt using firstly to form this belt the process of the invention, then by replacing the insulation obtained with standard insulation using reference needle felt TNF 20/80 sold by the company Saint-Gobain Isover. The heating measurements at the heart of the element to be heated were carried out on a brick sold under the reference Hipor by the company Skamol, the brick having been dried beforehand, then immersed in a water bath placed at least 8 hours at refrigerator up to a brick temperature (measured in the brick by two thermocouples) of 5 ° C, the brick saturated with water and drained for about 1 min then being placed in the center of the oven.
    The measurement of the energy consumption of the oven was made in traditional heat mode according to standard EN60350, where the heating temperatures (relative to the ambient temperature) are 140 ° K, 180 ° K and 220 ° K. The consumption of the oven corresponds to the arithmetic average of the powers consumed for each of the three aforementioned set temperatures.
    In the case of the oven having an insulating belt formed from the standard product, the consumption of the oven was 850 Wh. In the case of an oven with an insulating belt formed from reference glass wool flakes
    Optima, the oven consumption was 785 Wh.
    The results obtained show that the use of the process according to the invention for the insulation of domestic ovens or for other uses at high temperature makes it possible to obtain energy performances equivalent, and even superior, to the performances usually obtained, without having the disadvantages of the usual procedures.
    The method according to the invention can in particular be used with advantages for producing a new range of ovens having good insulation performance, or other devices, in particular capable of being subjected to high temperatures, etc.
    权利要求:
    Claims (15)
    [1" id="c-fr-0001]
    1. A method of insulating an apparatus, in particular susceptible in particular of being exposed to high temperatures, such as a household oven, said apparatus having one or more internal spaces, in particular three-dimensional, to be insulated, according to which infuses, in the said space (s) to be insulated, flakes and / or nodules of wool (s) and / or mineral fibers (s), without adding a binder or water.
    [2" id="c-fr-0002]
    2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the flakes and / or nodules have a size less than 50 mm, preferably less than 30 mm, in particular included, for at least 50% by weight of the flakes, between 5 and 25 mm.
    [3" id="c-fr-0003]
    3. Method according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the flakes and / or nodules are made of wool (s) or glass fibers, with a micronaire of less than 25 l / min, in particular between 3 and 18 l / min, and / or are made of wool (s) or rock fibers, with a fascia greater than 150 mmce, in particular between 200 and 350 mmce.
    [4" id="c-fr-0004]
    4. Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the flow of blown material comprises, in addition to the flakes and / or the nodules of wool (s) and / or mineral fibers (s):
    - less than 2%, preferably less than 1%, by weight of moisture,
    - possibly less than 8% of binder already polymerized or crosslinked or cooked or hardened or having already reacted,
    - possibly one or other components incapable of binding the flakes / nodules together and devoid of water, in particular:
    one or more additional insulating materials, in particular in the form of particles, in particular aerogels,
    one or more additives, in particular less than 1% by weight, for example one or more additives of the mineral oil, anti-static, silicone type, etc.
    [5" id="c-fr-0005]
    5. Method according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the flakes and / or nodules comprise a level of organic compounds of less than 8% by weight, preferably less than 1% by weight, and advantageously are devoid of organic compounds, in that they have less than 8% by weight of binder, and preferably are devoid of binder, and in that the level of anti-dust agents in the blown material is less than 1% by weight, the blown material preferably being devoid of anti-dust agent (s).
    [6" id="c-fr-0006]
    6. Method according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the blown material also comprises aerogels, in particular in particulate form.
    [7" id="c-fr-0007]
    7. Method according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the blowing gas pressure is between 12,000 Pa and 45,000 Pa, preferably between 15,000 and 45,000 Pa, and / or in that the flow rate insufflation is around 40 to 90 g / s.
    [8" id="c-fr-0008]
    8. Method according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the gaseous insufflation current is directed substantially parallel to the median plane of the space to be isolated, with an angle of incidence of the insufflation current with said plane between + 5 ° and -5 °.
    [9" id="c-fr-0009]
    9. Method according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the insufflation takes place simultaneously in several spaces to be isolated.
    [10" id="c-fr-0010]
    10 Insufflation device for implementing the method according to one of claims 1 to 9, and suitable for the insulation of ovens, in particular household ovens, comprising at least one outlet section diffuser capable of being embedded in at least part of an opening of an internal space to be insulated, so that the flow leaving the diffuser is essentially parallel to the median plane of the space to be insulated.
    20
    [11" id="c-fr-0011]
    11. Insufflation device according to claim 10, characterized in that it comprises at least one distribution member and / or at least one mixer, in particular static or convergent.
    [12" id="c-fr-0012]
    12. Insufflation device according to one of claims 10 or 11, characterized in that it comprises several diffusers, each capable of fitting in
    25 in at least part of an opening of an internal space to be insulated, and in a particularly preferred manner, it comprises as many diffusers as there are internal spaces to be insulated, in particular four diffusers, in particular similar ones, capable of fitting in each in one of the four spaces forming the oven belt (s) to be insulated.
    [13" id="c-fr-0013]
    13. Apparatus, obtained in particular by the method according to one of
    30 claims 1 to 9, in particular apparatus capable of being brought to high temperatures, such as a baking oven, said apparatus having at least one interior space, in particular three-dimensional, provided with at least one insulating layer, said layer being formed of flakes and / or nodules of wool (s) or mineral fibers (s), the rate of binder being less than 8% by weight, and advantageously being zero, and the initial rate of water being less than 2% by weight of said layer, and being advantageously zero.
    [14" id="c-fr-0014]
    14. Apparatus according to claim 13, characterized in that the density of said insulating layer is between 40 and 120 kg / m 3 , especially between 50 and
    5 120 kg / m 3 , preferably between 60 and 120 kg / m 3 , in particular between 80 and 120 kg / m 3 , or even between 85 and 120 kg / m 3 .
    [15" id="c-fr-0015]
    15. Apparatus according to one of claims 13 or 14, characterized in that the insulating layer also comprises aerogels.
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    Ak : ii h χθ V
    X A Y / XV sJa X X x * , ......- : p /> -JX_ x ... L „„ 1 10 il x
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    EP3491284B1|2021-07-14|
    US20190186675A1|2019-06-20|
    BR112019000947A2|2019-04-30|
    CA3031873A1|2018-02-08|
    ES2882174T3|2021-12-01|
    MX2019001336A|2019-04-25|
    EP3491284A1|2019-06-05|
    FR3054636B1|2019-01-25|
    WO2018024962A1|2018-02-08|
    PL3491284T3|2021-11-29|
    引用文献:
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    US2235542A|1937-08-24|1941-03-18|Wenzel Amanda|Building insulation|
    US4542040A|1982-12-13|1985-09-17|Nowak David M|Method and means for spraying aggregates for fireproof insulation onto a substratum|
    FR2620521A1|1987-09-15|1989-03-17|Licentia Gmbh|BAKING AND ROASTING MOLD|
    WO2001036859A1|1999-11-18|2001-05-25|Saint-Gobain Isover|Method for applying an insulating layer on a surface of an object and corresponding insulated object|
    US20080003431A1|2006-06-20|2008-01-03|Thomas John Fellinger|Coated fibrous nodules and insulation product|CN112500606A|2020-12-02|2021-03-16|中国工程物理研究院激光聚变研究中心|Method for preparing gradient density aerogel by adopting double diffusion convection|DE3918485C2|1989-06-06|1991-11-21|Gruenzweig + Hartmann Ag, 6700 Ludwigshafen, De|
    FR2648466B1|1989-06-15|1992-12-11|Saint Gobain Isover|COMPOSITE PRODUCT BASED ON MINERAL FIBERS, USEFUL FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF MOLDED PARTS|
    FR2661687B1|1990-05-04|1992-07-17|Saint Gobain Isover|BITUMEN MIXTURE FOR COATING SURFACES.|
    SE468722B|1991-07-02|1993-03-08|Electrolux Ab|DEVICE FOR APPLICATION OF AN INSULATION CONTAINING FIBERS ON A SURFACE, INCLUDING AN BODY FOR CREATING AN AIR CIRCUM THAT BRINGS THE FIBER CIRCUM IN ROTATION|
    DE19628477C1|1996-07-15|1998-01-22|Gruenzweig & Hartmann|Needle aids and their use for the production of needle felts and needle felts produced with them|
    FR2840071B1|2002-05-22|2004-07-23|Saint Gobain Isover|DEVICE FOR DETERMINING THE FINESSE OF MINERAL FIBERS|FR3000971B1|2013-01-11|2016-05-27|Saint-Gobain Isover|THERMAL INSULATION PRODUCT BASED ON MINERAL WOOL AND PROCESS FOR PRODUCING THE PRODUCT|
    GB202013888D0|2020-09-03|2020-10-21|Knauf Insulation Doo Skofja Loka|Mineral wool insulation|
    法律状态:
    2017-08-11| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 2 |
    2018-02-02| PLSC| Publication of the preliminary search report|Effective date: 20180202 |
    2018-08-03| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 3 |
    2019-08-21| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 4 |
    2020-08-31| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 5 |
    2021-08-31| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 6 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FR1657467|2016-08-01|
    FR1657467A|FR3054636B1|2016-08-01|2016-08-01|INSULATION METHOD AND APPARATUS OBTAINED|FR1657467A| FR3054636B1|2016-08-01|2016-08-01|INSULATION METHOD AND APPARATUS OBTAINED|
    CA3031873A| CA3031873A1|2016-08-01|2017-07-18|Insulation method and appliance obtained|
    MX2019001336A| MX2019001336A|2016-08-01|2017-07-18|Insulation method and appliance obtained.|
    PL17757790T| PL3491284T3|2016-08-01|2017-07-18|Insulation method and appliance obtained|
    BR112019000947A| BR112019000947A2|2016-08-01|2017-07-18|insulation process and apparatus obtained|
    US16/318,914| US20190186675A1|2016-08-01|2017-07-18|Insulation process and appliance obtained|
    ES17757790T| ES2882174T3|2016-08-01|2017-07-18|Isolation method and apparatus obtained|
    EP17757790.5A| EP3491284B1|2016-08-01|2017-07-18|Insulation method and appliance obtained|
    PCT/FR2017/051956| WO2018024962A1|2016-08-01|2017-07-18|Insulation method and appliance obtained|
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